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第二十四期环境实验室“学术前沿讲座
2010-07-13      

报告题目: Impact of Rapid Urban Growth and Climate Change on Lakes and Rivers: Examples of the Southwestern U.S. and China

报告人:Kumud Acharya

Div. of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA

主 持 人: 苏凤阁  研究员

地  点: 中国科学院青藏高原研究所 办公楼二楼会议室

时   间: 2010年7月26日(星期一)15:30-16:15

Abstract: Increasing rates of resource use, population growth and climate uncertainties have tended to magnify and complicate environmental problems that were already on the rise. Understanding and mitigating these human and natural impacts on hydrological and ecological processes are critical. Ecological Engineering laboratory at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) is involved in number of such fundamental and applied research with the goal of applying engineering principles to understand and reduce adverse effects of human activities on rivers, lakes, wetlands, springs and estuaries. For example, Virgin and Colorado River riparian corridors in the southwestern U.S. are both massively infested by invasive plants (Tamarisk spp.) profoundly impacting the hydrologic cycle of the basins via excessive ET loss, and salinization of riparian soils over the years. Similarly, Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China, is undergoing massive water quality degradation as a result of rapid economic and urban growth in the Taihu Basin since the last three decades. Both cases provide examples of a major shift in local and regional ecosystem, increase of tolerant invasive species and loss of precious water resources that require urgent mitigation and long term sustainable solutions. Dr. Acharya, who leads the Ecological Engineering Laboratory at DRI, will provide an overview of ongoing research activities related to above mentioned topics.

报告题目: Modeling water ages and thermal structure of Lake Mead in U.S.A. under changing water levels

报 告 人:Yiping Li

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA

主 持 人: 苏凤阁  研究员

地  点: 中国科学院青藏高原研究所 办公楼二楼会议室

时   间: 2010年7月26日(星期一)16:15-17:30

Abstract: Large lakes and reservoirs in arid and semi-arid regions are prone to substantial fluctuations in water surface elevations due to cyclic climate patterns and increasing water demands owing to rapid expansion of urban areas. The intensity of both climate patterns (wet and drought periods) and water demand are expected to increase due to depleting snow pack on the mountains under potential climate change scenarios. Nowhere is this phenomenon more apparent than in Lake Mead, Nevada, U.S., where water surface elevations have dropped dramatically, over 35 m in less than 10 years. Lake Mead is the world's largest man-made reservoir, with an area of 635 km2 and a total volume of 35.5 km3. It was formed by the construction of Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River in the 1930s. Lake Mead provides drinking, irrigation and industrial water for approximately 25 million people in addition to hydroelectric power. Understanding how the lake’s processes and characteristics are likely to change under receding water elevations is critical to support adaptive management of these systems under unprecedented conditions. In this study, water age and thermal structure of Lake Mead were simulated using thethree-dimensional hydrodynamic model Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) under both high- and low-water surface elevation conditions. This study provides a numerical tool to support adaptive management of regional water resources by lake managers.

 
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